Law
Philosophy is one of the strongest traditional pathways to law school, building exactly the analytical reasoning and argumentation skills law schools value most.
Philosophy — literally "love of wisdom" — is the disciplined practice of asking fundamental questions about knowledge, reality, ethics, and the good life. Following the model set by Socrates, the discipline treats intellectual and moral integrity as inseparable, using careful analysis and rigorous argument to examine questions that remain as urgent today as in antiquity.
The major builds from logic and historical foundations — Ancient Greek and Modern Philosophy — into electives spanning ethics, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and contemporary applied topics like data ethics and environmental justice. The curriculum covers both the Western philosophical tradition and perspectives beyond it. The major culminates in PHIL 480, a capstone research project defended through an extensive essay and oral examination.
Philosophy is widely recognized as strong preparation for law school and graduate study across many fields, and Batten University maintains dual degree partnerships in law and theology that draw directly on the major's analytical and ethical training.
Philosophy coursework spans the history of the discipline — from Ancient Greek philosophy through Modern and 19th-century thought — alongside topical courses in ethics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, and contemporary applied ethics covering data, technology, and the environment. Several courses are cross-listed with other departments, reflecting philosophy's reach across the humanities and social sciences.
Meaning, Happiness, and the Good Life
CATALOG DESCRIPTION NOT FOUND IN SOURCE MATERIAL. Referenced as a requirements elective but no description appears in this source file. Flagged for Academic Affairs.
Perennial Questions
A critical examination of several great issues that confront us in modern philosophical thought, including the question of the existence of God, the nature of ultimate reality, the sources of human knowledge, the principles of moral values, and the problems of aesthetic judgments. Offered every spring.
Contemporary Moral Issues
Introduces the practice of moral reasoning through the study of representative moral theories and their application to controversial issues in contemporary life. Students develop the critical and analytical skills required for thinking clearly about moral problems and forming their own conclusions about them. Offered every spring.
Philosophical Fiction
CATALOG DESCRIPTION NOT FOUND IN SOURCE MATERIAL. Referenced as a requirements elective but no description appears in this source file. Flagged for Academic Affairs.
Methods of Logic
Analysis and evaluation of argument along with an introduction to induction, correlation and causation, and to specific methods of argument evaluation such as categorical logic, propositional logic, truth tables, truth trees, and first-order logic. Background readings in the philosophy of logic and the psychology of reasoning. Offered every spring.
Practical Ethics
CATALOG DESCRIPTION NOT FOUND IN SOURCE MATERIAL. Referenced as a requirements elective but no description appears in this source file. Flagged for Academic Affairs.
Art, Monuments, and Morality
This course explores the intersection of aesthetic, historical, and moral value. Topics include art by morally flawed creators, ethically problematic works, the preservation of monuments and heritage sites, and the impact of gentrification. Be prepared to think hard and hone your ability to defend different views. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or higher, or consent. Offered intermittently.
Ethics and Health Care
Foregoing life-sustaining treatment, procurement of organs and tissue for transplantation, artificial reproduction, allocation of scarce health resources, AIDS: public health vs. private rights. Such questions of health care confront all of us at some time both as matters of individual concern and as issues of public policy. Students examine the ethical principles that should undergird decisions in health care and apply these principles to concrete cases. Offered every spring.
Philosophy of Sport
This course is a philosophical inquiry into the nature and meaning of sport, the ethical and psychological dimensions of competition, and the role that sport plays in our conception of the good life. Special attention will be given to ancient Greek philosophical perspectives on the value of sport as preparation for life. In addition to the Western perspective, students will be exposed to the Eastern philosophy of martial arts, which stresses the unity of mind-body-spirit and the development of character. Prerequisite: ENG 105 or consent. Offered intermittently.
Topics in Philosophy
A focused introduction to the practice of philosophy that concentrates on a single topic. Prerequisite: ENG 105 with a grade of C or higher, or consent. Offered intermittently.
Social and Political Philosophy
A survey of theoretical tools for understanding social dilemmas and specific social issues. Topics include self and society, friendship and justice, authority and anarchism, democracy and other forms of government; issues such as identity politics, social change, and political rhetoric. Identical to PHIL 353. Offered spring of even-numbered years.
Beyond the Western Tradition
We live in a world characterized by multiplicity, plurality, and difference. Students enter into frames of reference of people with differing experiences of, and assumptions about, the world. We are educated in this world to the degree that we are aware of our own boundedness, and that we become skilled in critically understanding and integrating the perspectives of others. Examines the beliefs of Native Americans, West Africans, Chinese thinkers, and philosophers of India. Offered every spring.
Environmental Ethics
From ancient Sumer to the present, ecological realities have required human beings to reflect on their values and their responsibilities to nature. Students examine the relevance of philosophy to environmental questions and, in particular, explore the connection between the environment and ethics. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Identical to ENVS 304. Offered every fall.
Critical Thinking in the Digital Age
This course teaches students how to apply the tools of critical thinking to modern media. Special attention is given to addressing the special challenges posed by fake news and images, media bias, misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theory. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered every spring.
Theory of Knowledge
What is the basis of our knowledge about the world, other people, ourselves? Focusing on work done in the 20th century, students examine some recent theories about the nature of human knowledge, as well as the related concepts of truth, justification, and belief. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered intermittently.
Philosophy of Religion
What is religion? What makes a belief or practice religious? Is there a distinctively religious form of experience? What is the function of religious belief in the modern world? Prerequisite: sophomore status or consent. Previously PHIL 215.
Buddhist Philosophy
Introduces the major themes in Buddhist philosophy. Readings and lectures are aimed at understanding the way Buddhist thinkers approach questions in ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. Course readings are drawn from various canonical sources that record the teachings of the historical Buddha. These are supplemented by additional readings that discuss the development of these teachings in various schools of Buddhist thought. Special emphasis is placed on the Mahayana and Zen Buddhist traditions. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered intermittently.
Ancient Greek Philosophy
An introduction to ancient Greek philosophy. Focuses on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; may also include the early scientific thinkers or "pre-Socratics," who abandoned the supernatural and the Hellenistic schools, which conceived of philosophy as a way to find peace of mind. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered every fall.
Modern Philosophy
An exploration of the momentous changes in philosophy occurring in the 17th Century that defined a new era in the life of European civilization. Key themes include the philosophical grounding of religious toleration and the emergence of a new scientific culture. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered every spring.
19th-Century Philosophy
Surveys major trends in post-Kantian European philosophy. Readings are drawn from the work of Fichte, Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and others. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered spring of even-numbered years.
Existential Thought
Intensive study of recent phenomenological investigation into human existence. Thinkers such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty are discussed. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered every fall.
Minds, Brains, and Machines
This course explores central questions in philosophy of mind and overlapping areas of neuroscience. What is a mind and how does it relate to the brain? What is consciousness? Can machines think? Is a science of consciousness possible? Students will consider diverse approaches to answering these and other questions. Offered intermittently.
Environmental Justice
What does justice demand in this time of global climate change, environmental degradation, and mass extinctions? Do the poor and minority communities bear a disproportionate burden? Do we have obligations to persons not-yet-born? Do non-human animals have rights? Should trees or rivers have legal standing? Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered every spring.
Philosophy Seminar
An in-depth study of the work of a single major philosopher or of a specific topic in philosophy. The figure or topic changes with each offering. Contact the department chair for the current selection. Prerequisite: Sophomore status or consent. Offered intermittently.
Ethics, Data, and Technology
This course explores the intersection of ethics and contemporary data science, with special attention to the implications of AI and autonomous technologies for society. Discussion topics include racial bias in machine learning, the black box problem, mass surveillance, privacy, autonomy, technological unemployment, and moral responsibility for autonomous systems. Offered intermittently.
Research in Philosophy
Capstone course for the philosophy major. Students conduct a research project of their own design, under faculty supervision, that culminates in an oral presentation, an extensive essay and a viva voce examination. Students must have completed most of the requirements for the major before taking this course. Consent Required. Offered intermittently.
Philosophy students have access to guaranteed and preferred admission pathways to law school and graduate theological programs through Batten University's partnership agreements. Contact your advisor for current eligibility requirements and application deadlines.
Appalachian School of Law
Juris Doctor
Dual Degree 3+3Earn a Bachelor's degree from Batten and a JD from Appalachian School of Law in six years.
Regent University — School of Law
Juris Doctor
Dual Degree 3+3Earn a Bachelor's degree from Batten and a JD from Regent University School of Law in six years.
Boston University
School of Theology
Guaranteed AdmissionGuaranteed admission with scholarship consideration to the MDiv or MTS programs. Requires continuous enrollment, GPA requirement, and religious studies coursework.
Duke University
Duke Divinity School
Early AdmissionStreamlined early admission with scholarship opportunities to the MDiv or Master of Arts in Christian Practice programs.
Emory University
Candler School of Theology
Guaranteed AdmissionGuaranteed admission with scholarship opportunities to the MDiv or Master of Religious Leadership. Requires Religious Studies coursework.
United Theological Seminary
Master of Divinity
Dual Degree 3+2Cooperative College Program — complete a Bachelor's at Batten and an MDiv at United Theological Seminary in five years.
Philosophy is one of the strongest traditional pathways to law school, building exactly the analytical reasoning and argumentation skills law schools value most.
Coursework in applied ethics — including data ethics, environmental ethics, and bioethics — prepares students for emerging roles in tech ethics, policy, and compliance.
Dual degree partnerships with graduate theological programs support students interested in ministry, theology, or religious studies.
Strong analytical writing and argumentation skills translate into careers in education, publishing, consulting, and any field that values rigorous, structured thinking.





Though your journey takes you back to Brazil, you'll always be part of the Batten family.
Boa sorte e muitas bênçãos